Additively manufactured 316L steel reinforced by multi-layer Ti₃C₂T_x for enhanced mechanical and bio-tribological performance

verfasst von

Sangharatna M. Ramteke, Jorge Ramos Grez, Andreas Rosenkranz, Max Marian

Abstract

Implant materials often suffer from wear, surface degradation, and poor biocompatibility, leading to reduced durability and compromised patient outcomes. Addressing these challenges requires the development of advanced biomaterials with enhanced mechanical strength and bio-tribological performance. In this context, we explore the incorporation of multi-layer Ti₃C₂T_x into a 316L metal matrix to enhance mechanical and bio-tribological properties for biomedical applications. Metal matrix composites (MMCs) with 1, 2, and 3 wt.-% Ti₃C₂T_x were fabricated using laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Mechanical properties, including surface roughness and hardness, and the bio-tribological behavior were evaluated under dry and synovial body fluid (SBF)-lubricated conditions at 37 °C. Lower Ti₃C₂T_x concentrations yielded smoother surfaces, while higher concentrations increased roughness due to particle agglomeration and clustering. However, the resulting hardness improved especially for an addition of 3 wt.-% Ti₃C₂T_x. The 1 wt.-% Ti₃C₂T_x MMCs reduced wear by 31 and 19 % under dry and SBF conditions, respectively, while balls wear (counter-bodies) were reduced by 51 and 13 %, respectively. These results highlight the potential of multi-layer Ti₃C₂T_x to improve the durability and performance of medical devices, demonstrating their promise as advanced biomaterials.

Organisationseinheit(en)

Institut für Maschinenkonstruktion und Tribologie

Externe Organisation(en)

Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile
Universidad de Chile
Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo (ANID)

Typ

Artikel

Journal

Surface and Coatings Technology

Band

511

Anzahl der Seiten

15

ISSN

0257-8972

Publikationsdatum

01.09.2025

Publikationsstatus

Veröffentlicht

Peer-reviewed

Ja

ASJC Scopus Sachgebiete

Allgemeine Chemie, Physik der kondensierten Materie, Oberflächen und Grenzflächen, Oberflächen, Beschichtungen und Folien, Werkstoffchemie

Elektronische Version(en)

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2025.132321 (Zugang: Offen)